自我實現者的人格特徵

心理學家馬思洛(Maslow)提出自我實現作為健康人格持續發展的最高境界。自我實現者就是能實現真我的人，能忠於自己，盡展個人潛能。他從一些偉人身上歸納出自我實現者以下的特質：

1.             能準確客觀地洞悉現實。(對身處環境中的人和事物都有較敏銳的觸覺，能明辨真偽，準確判斷實況，能面對生活中許多新奇、未知、不肯定和不熟悉的事物而不致驚惶失措。)

2.             接納自我、他人和大自然。(不卑不亢地看待自己和別人的優點和缺點。)

3.             自發性。(不盲從附和，思想和行動都具自發性。)

4.             以問題為中心。(不自我中心，能面對及解決困難。)

5.             需要獨處的空間。(懂得享受獨處。)

6.             能客觀理解事物。

7.             能在平凡中找到生趣。

8.             有高峰經驗。

9.             關心人的福祉。(對人類有深切的共鳴、憐憫和慈悲。)

10.            與少數人建立起深厚的情誼。

11.            民主。

12.            不會為求達到目的而不擇手段。

13.            富幽默感。

14.            有豐富的創造力。

15.            不妥協於身處的文化。他們不隨波逐流。

彭運石，《走向生命的顛峰：馬斯洛的人本心理學》，(臺北：貓頭鷹出版，2001)，頁167-172。

Patterns of the Happiest People

Below is a sample of my observations, as well as those of other researchers, of the thinking and behavior patterns of the happiest participants in our studies:

• They devote a great amount of time to their family and friends, nurturing and enjoying those relationships.
• They are comfortable expressing gratitude for all they have.
• They are often the first to offer helping hands to coworkers and passersby.
• They practice optimism when imagining their futures.
• They savor life’s pleasures and try to live in the present moment.
• They make physical exercises a weekly and even daily habit.
• They are deeply committed to lifelong goals and ambitions.
• Last but not least, the happiest people do have their share of stresses, crises, and even tragedies. They may become just as distressed and emotional in such circumstances as you or I, but their secret weapon is the poise and strength they show in coping in the face of challenge.

 Sonja Lyubomirsky, “The How of Happiness: a scientific approach to getting the life you want,” (New York: The Penguine Press, 2008), p.22-23